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How To Build An Xml Sitemap

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What a sitemap does and does not do

A sitemap tells search engines “these are URLs that exist, here is when they changed.” It helps crawlers find pages faster and prioritize freshly updated ones.

The minimum valid sitemap

Hit either limit and your sitemap is rejected in full, not truncated. Split into multiple sitemaps well before the limit — 40,000 URLs and 40 MB are sensible thresholds.

lastmod — the one optional element Google actually uses

Sites over 50,000 URLs need a sitemap index: a sitemap of sitemaps.

changefreq and priority — ignored by Google

An index itself is capped at 50,000 child sitemaps. Index files cannot nest — only one level deep.

Size limits

Partition by content type (posts, products, categories) or by date (one sitemap per month/year). Partitioning by date makes the per-sitemap lastmod meaningful — old months rarely change, so Google quickly learns which files to skip.

Sitemap index for larger sites

Include only canonical, indexable URLs that return 200 and that you want Google to evaluate. Exclude:

What to include and exclude

Three ways to tell search engines about your sitemap:

Submitting and discovering

The base sitemap spec handles URLs only. Three XML extensions add media metadata:

Image, video, and news extensions

Common mistakes

Run the numbers